This article aims to provide you a frame work for how to set up a fat loss plan. With the rise of the internet coach and guru there is copious amounts of internet jargon spilling into the public. This makes it very hard for the consumer to differentiate between good and bad advice. This article aims to provide you with a simplified structure of how one might approach fat loss. Bear in mind this is the outline of a bigger picture that needs the specifics to be filled in and this is where a coach is your best asset.

STRUCTURING A FAT LOSS PLAN

First off let’s make the clear distinction between WEIGHT and FAT LOSS

• Weight loss

• Combination of muscle and fat loss plus other minor influences i.e taking a number 2

• Fat loss

• Your body oxidising fat as a result of a calorie deficit with adequate protein and strength training.

A well-rounded fat loss plan has a number of factors to take into consideration, all of which contribute their own piece of the puzzle. First and foremost, I will stress the word adherence. Although it is not formally a way to structure your fat loss phase, it is the single most important factor to consider when making any decision regarding your plan and how it progresses. If you DO NOT adhere to the fat loss program or any program for that matter, you will fail or results will be sub-par in the best case scenario. Adherence is the duct tape of a fat loss phase.

Any successful fat loss phase has 3 key variables that must be addressed at all times. These are Energy Balance, Resistance Training and Protein Intake. Yes, we know a calorie deficit is the primary driver for fat loss, but strength training is equally important in a deficit as our aim is to lose ‘fat’ not muscle. Don’t believe me? Put yourself in a calorie deficit and don’t step foot in a gym. I can nearly guarantee you the result will be different from what you thought. Adequate protein intake will also impact on the end result in terms of body composition. Let’s discuss the importance of each below.

ENERGY BALANCE

For fat loss to occur, we need to place our body in a caloric deficit This means we are consuming less calories than we are using during the day. Essentially energy input is lower than energy output. See below

STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM

A properly structured training program is a must to improve body composition. The aim here is to try and retain muscles mass. Muscle growth/retention is only achieved if we keep that stimulus from resistance training present, ensuring it follows a progressive overload scheme at appropriate intensities. The rate at which you will be able to overload in the gym will be compromised due to hypocaloric condition so don’t try and break any records. If you are dieting then the goal is fat loss not performance. What you don’t use, you lose! Follow a strength training program 3-5 times a week focussing on appropriate intensities and a progressive overload scheme and you are on the right track.

Tip – In an energy deficit don’t get to volume happy! If you accumulate lots of fatigue whilst in the deficit you’ll run yourself out. To compensate, keep intensities high.

*For more info about strength training feel free to send us an email at matt@3pointtraining.com.au*

PROTEIN

Protein is broken down into amino acids, which are the building blocks of our muscles. Protein is essential for muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Essentially what happens when we engage in weights is we damage the proteins in the muscle. This initiates the muscle construction process and having enough amino acids readily available to rebuild and repair the muscle is essential. MPS spikes after exercise so as a general guideline an even consumption of protein throughout the day to stimulate protein synthesis is ideal. Whilst an even spread is ideal, the important thing is that you get your required daily intake before you worry about timing.

Protein is the most satiating macronutrient of the 3. This means it will leave you fuller for longer. Generally, around 2g per Kilo of bodyweight is a good starting point for fat loss. As well as this it has the highest thermic effect of all macros meaning it takes the most energy to digest.

STRUCTURING/IMPLEMENTING OTHER VARIABLES IN THE DEFICIT!

Ok so you have the key areas 3 in check, where to from here? Well we need to decide on the finer details and how to structure and implement them. We have 4 areas we can look at these being fats, carbs, cardio and protein supplements.

FATS

As a general rule, fats is in most cases the easiest drop calories from first. This is for two reasons. The main reason is that fats are the most calorie dense macronutrient (9 calories per gram of fat). For example, say my maintenance energy intake was 2000 calories per day and within that was 80 grams of fat. If I was to drop this down to 60 grams of fat I would have a reduction of 180 calories. That is already a good deficit, without even having to touch carbs and without sacrificing much food volume. The lower limit for fat intake would be around 0.6g per kg of body weight. The second reason is that fats are not always readily available for energy use. It is a much more time efficient process to extract energy from fats than it is carbs. That’s not to say that if you don’t eat carbs your body does not have any glucose or glycogen stored. The body is able to convert fats and proteins into glucose and glycogen via a process called gluconeogenesis.

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates are our bodies preferred fuel source. Being able to keep carbohydrates as high as possible whilst in a deficit will better allow us to fuel our workouts therefore leading to better gym performance. Carbohydrates will also have a direct effect on helping retain muscle through fuel utilisation whereas fats will not.

Please note

When it comes down to it, the deficit you create can come from carbs or fat and this is based on personal preference. If you can adhere to a low carb diet and that’s your preference then that’s what you do. As long as you have the deficit, adequate protein and resistance training in place then whether you start with carbs or fat or both is at your discretion.

CARDIO

Cardio is not a NECESSITY for fat loss but is a TOOL that can be used. The main driver of fat loss should be nutrition intervention. Why? It’s more predictable and more easily measured. Without going into heaps of detail, it’s a lot more accurate and easily measured if you try to eat 400 calories under maintenance than it is to try and accurately measure how many calories you burned in a workout. Your treadmill is not accurate, trust me.

So when is cardio useful? The answer, when you can’t/don’t want to take reduce your caloric intake any further. Great examples are;

• A small lady who is only eating 1200 calories. Rather than take food out, lets add cardio in to help create a deficit

• A physique athlete nearing competition but still with some fat to drop. Calories are probably already at their lowest, lets add cardio.

A key factor with cardio is to introduce it gradually (progressive overload). As you add cardio your body becomes more efficient at the cardio to help save energy. This means that you have to progressive overload cardio to still get benefits. If you add 5 hours of cardio a week into a program straight away, you’ll very quickly run out of room to move. Only do as much as you need to get benefits and then progress from there.

PROTEIN

Last resort! If you are at the lower levels of both carbs and fats, cardio is through the roof then protein is your last option. For obvious reasons this is not ideal and in my opinion, I’d seriously consider if what you’re currently doing it worth it/safe. Taking protein out probably indicates you are at the extreme end of fat loss interventions so ensure you are aware of the short and long terms consequences that come along with that.

OTHER NOTABLE FACTORS THAT WILL INFLUENCE FAT LOSS

SLEEP

You will be tired, sluggish and find your recovery down. Sleep is so important in a fat loss phase for recovery as it allows for a whole host of biological processed within the body to occur at complete rest.

You also don’t eat when you sleep!

NEAT

A very underrated tool in fat loss phases. You may not notice it but you will become increasing less active in a fat loss phase. You will find yourself sitting more, slouching and even fidgeting less! A conscious effort to increase NEAT can go a long way. It’s hard to quantify exactly how much NEAT is contributing to your overall fat loss (much like cardio), however a good example of how it may be measured is steps counted by a Fitbit i.e. 10000 steps per day consistently.

TEF

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF) refers to the amount of energy your body uses to breakdown and absorb the consumed calories. Protein has the highest TEF of the three macronutrients, which is why it is again important to get protein intake right in a fat loss phase.

BMR

Basil metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy your body uses while doing absolutely nothing. Essentially it is all the calories your body is using to keep you alive, for example, breathing. Each person will have a different BMR.

Conclusion

And that’s a wrap! The key take always are

• Ensure you have the 3 key factors needed for fat loss in place first

• Energy deficit

• Resistance training

• Adequate protein

How you then implement and structure the finer details for a deficit is based on your preferences

• Fats first as they are the most calorie dense followed by carbs. As stated, this is not a rule it’s a suggestion. As long as the initial deficit is created from these two macronutrients then you’re winning

• Cardio is a tool not a necessity. Introduce it as needed, not all at once.

• Calories from protein is last a resort and again, if you are resorting to this extreme consider whether continuing is worth it.

A lot of people in the industry would say fat loss is easy, calories in vs calories out. At its most basic level this is true. So why do so many people struggle with losing fat and keeping it off.

We know a negative energy balance (more calories out than taken in) is how fat loss is achieved. What people fail to see is that the concept of achieving this negative energy balance should be viewed as multi-faceted. If you take this very simplistic mindset of ‘just eat less’ you’ll likely have flaws in any nutrition plan. Just as fat loss needs to be achieved by a negative energy balance, this negative energy balance needs to be achieved by addressing 3 key areas. These areas are physiological, psychological and environmental and all of which must be addressed in any nutrition intervention under the overarching banner of adherence. Essentially, it’s all well and good to tell someone this is how to lose fat (negative energy balance) but how do we put ourselves in a positon to achieve this negative energy balance that then results in fat loss over the long term.

All 3 of these areas are intertwined meaning if one falls down then the others generally suffer. For example, if you constantly surround yourself with ‘temptation food’ (environment) then it’s likely you’ll over eat (physiological) and then feel guilty about what you have done and potentially give up altogether (psychological).

Let’s look at each area in more detail below and you’ll see why they are all vital cogs achieving fat loss.

Physiological

This is what people will be the most familiar with. Eat less food and exercise more. As a general rule, diet is the first point of call when it comes to reducing energy balance. Focussing our effort here improves accuracy and offers more than predictable results if adhered to. This is because we have a better understanding of the deficit we are creating when achieving it through food rather than exercise. If I aim to create a 200 calorie deficit per day, I can track that quite easily by tracking food. In comparison, to try and create this deficit by aiming to burn an extra 200 calories a day exercising is not as easy to track.

“But the treadmill said….”

No!

What your treadmill doesn’t tell you is how many calories you would have burned at rest without the exercise. We use energy for everyday activity, even just to stay alive (RMR). So, when your 45 min walk on the treadmill states that you chewed through 300 calories, it doesn’t take into account that you might have burned 100 calories at rest anyway. All of a sudden, your 300 calorie deficit becomes 200 (100 calories was an example of energy expenditure at rest and it will vary between individuals)

Don’t get me wrong cardio is a great tool to use but pick your moment. Only use it as needed. A good time to introduce cardio is when you’re at the lower end of your caloric intake or if you’re smaller person with a low food intake to begin with. In each case you are running out of room to move in terms of dropping calories. Even then, introduce cardio at the lower end and then increase it as needed.

Psychological

This is big! For a lot of people it’s not easy to all of a sudden just eat less when their mindset surrounding food doesn’t allow for it.

I believe there are 4 main sticking points that exist in one’s mindset towards food.

1 – Emotion/relationship with food

Probably the most damaging and the toughest one to break. For so long humans have turned to food to cope with emotion. Tough day at work, arguing with your partner and even just boredom can lead to an unbreakable urge to eat as coping mechanism. The reason it’s so hard to break is because in order to remove food as a means of coping, that void must be replaced with something else just as and if not more meaningful. Further to that it must be turned into a habit. Trying to replace something that has provided you with an ‘out’ for so long is tough and takes experimentation and practice.

2 – Poor Self Awareness

This comes back to knowing what you TRULY want, not what you think you SHOULD do. It’s all well and good to dream of wash board abs but is that what you really desire? Once you know what you want make sure that you’re aware of what it will take in order to achieve this and then decide if you are willing to do itW. What will you sacrifice? Uncertainty about the end result leads to uncertain actions which will get you no-where.

3 – Time (Instant Gratification Vs Long Term Goals)

In a lot of cases it’s not easy to diet when the end goal is so far away. That’s why people leave it until 3 weeks before their holiday and then panic because they’re not in shape.

Time can be viewed as ‘instant gratification’ VS ‘long term goals’. Instant gratification refers to someone giving into temptation in the short term knowing that they are putting their long term goal in jeopardy. Basically, the drive/emotion for you to satisfy your immediate desires knowing they are not conducive of future success. When the long term goal is kept at the forefront of one’s mind then you’ll find it significantly easier to stay on track.

4 – Knowledge

This is self explanatory! The more you know, the better off you’ll be. When you understand how energy balance works based on your goals, what food sources contain what macro nutrients, how to structure a day/week/month of eating, how to properly fuel your body then you’ll be 2 steps ahead of everyone else. Allow yourself to make informed decisions and give yourself certainty in the choices you make.

Environment

Arguably a very underrated concept but the importance of environment for fat loss is key. If you surround yourself with foods that you know you’ll overindulge on then you are setting yourself up for failure. You hear people all the time say “You never have to give up your favourite food” BUT if your favourite food is ice cream and every time you go near it you eat the tub not a couple of scoops, then it might need to go. If you surround yourself with people every weekend that love to drink and party then of course it will be hard not to indulge in a few drinks and some pizzas with them.

When looking at environment I’d recommended you think about this statement. “Make the better choices the easier choices”

• Do meal preps for work instead of buying the takeaway food

• Keep the trigger foods out of the house

• Maybe you need to eliminate the ‘snacky food’ so you can stick to whole meals

There are so many ways and these are just a few suggestions. It’s about finding what best applies to you and implementing.

Don’t set yourself up for failure by constantly putting yourself in compromising situations.

Summary

To represent it visually you’d have something that looks like the below image. As you can see, all 3 of the factors just discussed have a direct effect on creating the energy deficit which then has its direct effect of causing fat loss. The key takeaway is that fat loss at its most basic is calories in vs calories out, but it would be naive for one to think that are not a number of considerations that must come into play in order to achieve this.

What the image does include is adherence. The reason it’s the biggest circle is because it’s the biggest contributing factor to fat loss. When addressing all of the 3 key areas just discussed it’s important to plan them in the context of the adherence. For example, when making environmental changes, it’s no good implementing a change that the individual won’t consistently do. Find another way around the same problem or just decide on something different to address and move forward.

Obviously fat loss nutrition NEEDS to go hand in hand with an appropriately designed strength training program but this is a discussion for another time

Nutrition has the potential to be contentious and often over complicated topic in health and fitness. This is a product of the ever present, new information and findings (good and bad) but also the misguided practices or some of our so called industry leaders (this is a topic for another day). What this leads to is mass confusion amongst the general population in regards to how they approach a nutrition intervention.

We know that “calories in V calories out” is nutrition at its MOST BASIC but in reality there is so much more that makes a well-balanced nutrition plan. There are a magnitude of factors that come to the forefront that need to addressed to achieve this desired energy balance, it’s not as simple as just telling someone to eat less. For example; ones perception and how they view food (food relationship), culture, food quality/ quantity and the ability to restrain are just some of the many factors that must be addressed to effectively execute ‘calories in VS calories out’

When looking at nutrition you need to carefully consider what will work for you and then be prepared to be flexible as you learn more about yourself. The reason being that you can reach your goals a number of different ways, however certain methods are more effective than others. You may start with one method and quickly find out that it’s not for you. The real skill is having enough self-awareness to take that feedback and adjust. Take tracking your calories for example, a highly effective way to reach a goal, but if you decide that measuring food isn’t something you like then tracking isn’t going to work. Find the approach that works for you and make sure you can adhere to it.

In the rest of this article we are going to go over some key terms you should be aware of with your nutrition and then we are going to look at setting up some calorie and macronutrient targets based on your goals. Calorie and macro tracking is arguably the most common nutrition approach used but remember, it’s not the only one.

What Are Calories And What Are Macronutrients?

Key terms

Maintenance calorie level – Refers to the amount of calories your body needs day to day to see no change in weight.

Calorie deficit – Refers to a negative energy balance. You are taking in less calories than you use day to day.

Calorie surplus – Refers to a positive energy balance. You are taking in more calories than you use day to day.

Calorie – A calorie to put it simply is energy. Food contains calories, so food is energy we give our bodies to thrive off. We can think of food as numbers going into the body. Say we eat 100g of chicken breast, that is roughly 165 calories going into the body. At the end of the day what matters for fat loss or muscle gain is a calorie deficit and calorie surplus respectively.

Protein – One of the three macronutrients protein contains 4 calories per gram of protein. Protein is a highly satiating macronutrient, meaning it will satisfy you for longer. It is also vital for muscle growth and repair. One added bonus to eating protein is it has a high TEF, (Thermic Effect of Feeding). This means your body will use calories while it digests the protein.

Carbohydrates – Carbs also contains 4 calories per gram. Glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate, which is our bodies preferred fuel source. Carbohydrates also come in more complex forms. These forms of carbohydrates form our whole grain food sources and fruit and vegetables. Their structure makes them harder is break down which is a favourable characteristic when trying to control Food intake

Fats – Fats are a highly dense macronutrient. They provide 9 calories per gram of fat. Fats can also be used as a fuel source when carbohydrates are limited or during a state of rest. Fats play important roles in hormones, cell structure and transport in the body.

How To Set Up Targets For Tracking

Step 1

First you need to determine your maintenance calorie intake using the appropriate calculation below. Be aware that this is only an estimation. Another way is to track food intake for a week and also monitor weight. If your weight remains the same over that week then take the average calories intake for that week and that’s maintenance.

Step 2

Now that we have our maintenance calories sorted we now need to determine if we want to gain weight or drop fat. This can be done by on a percentage based system. To drop fat then lower your calorie intake by 5-10% and vice versa to increase weight.

e.g. You have maintenance intake of 2000 calories and want to drop fat

2000 calories x 0.05 = 100 calories

2000 calories – 100 calories = 1900 calories

This rate of change may look small and it may take results longer to occur but it will take a lot less will power to uphold. You can drop calories more drastically and the fat/ weight loss will be more rapid but remember that there will be other things that have to give.

This needs to be taken into consideration as you will need to set yourself a realistic calorie deficit that you can adhere to. No adherence, no results. It is also important to stick to the numbers for a few weeks to allow for change, if nothing is happening then you simply adjust.

Likewise, the higher you raise your calorie intake the more extreme the weight gain will be. Notice I didn’t say extreme muscle gain, it is quite hard to build lots of muscle at a quick rate even with a proper training program and eating properly.

If your surplus is too great, you risk putting on a lot of ‘useless weight’. You will increase in fat but you don’t want to get fat. Having a controlled surplus and monitoring your weight gain closely will allow for you to gain muscle and weight at an acceptable rate without the risk of ‘blowing out’.

The best way to attack either is to make the least amount of change that yields maximum results. Why drop out 600 calories to lose weight when you could do it with 200?

Now onto the all-important macronutrient breakdown

Protein

Acceptable range = 1.6-2.5g per kg of bodyweight

For example, an 80kg male may be in the range of 144-200grams of protein per day. Why is protein key? It’s main role in the body is muscle growth and repair which is obviously important on both fat loss and muscle gain. When in a fat loss phase it is more important to keep protein intake higher, around the 2g per kg of bodyweight. During a weight gain phase we can get away with potentially as low as 1.6g per kg of bodyweight.

Fats

Acceptable range = 0.8-1.2g per kg of bodyweight

For example, an 80kg male may have a range of 64-96grams of fat per day.

Having higher amounts of fats than this guide will make no difference to your overall goal as long as calories (number 1 priority) and protein (number 2 priority) are in check. If you prefer higher amounts of fats then by all means have a high fat diet. Fats are extremely important in many roles in the body including cell health and hormones so dropping them extremely low is not a great idea. Vice versa goes for keeping them high. Due to them being extremely calorie dense, the volume of food you can eat on a high fat diet greatly reduces and therefore you risk being hungry

Carbs

Acceptable range = What’s left

If you were to work out your protein and fat consumption based on the above, then you simply find your carbs from the calories left over.

For example, if the 80kg male was set 2500 calories per day. They have decided to have 200g of protein and 70g of fat.

200 x 4 = 800 calories from protein

70 x 9 = 630 calories from fats

So…

2500 – (800 + 630) = 1070

1070/4 = 267.5grams of carbs

200g protein

267g carbs

70g fats

However, having higher amounts of carbs will make no difference to your overall goal as long as calories (number 1 priority) and protein (number 2 priority) are in check. It comes down to your preference, if you like more carbs than fats then have more carbs and less fats.

What you should be wary of is dropping carbs too low or completely out. Carbs are our bodies preferred energy source. They also play a role in building and retaining muscle whereas fat does not.

In summary, as long as calories (number 1 priority) and protein (number 2 priority) are in check then it comes down to your preference whether you have more carbs or fats as this will make zero difference to your end result BUT I’d avoid going to either extreme.

The Breakdown

Weight loss/fat loss?

Deficit of 5-10% of maintenance calories

• Calories and protein priority, carbs and fats based on preference

• 3-6 x P/W weight sessions plus cardio as needed

• ADHERANCE & ENJOYMENT

Weight gain/Muscle gain?

Surplus of 200-500 calories

• Calories and protein priority, carbs and fats based on preference

• 3-6 x P/W weight sessions

• ADHERANCE & ENJOYMENT

Nutrition has the potential to be contentious and often over complicated topic in health and fitness. This is a product of the ever present, new information and findings (good and bad) but also the misguided practices or some of our so called industry leaders (this is a topic for another day). What this leads to is mass confusion amongst the general population in regards to how they approach a nutrition intervention.

We know that “calories in V calories out” is nutrition at its MOST BASIC but in reality there is so much more that makes a well-balanced nutrition plan. There are a magnitude of factors that come to the forefront that need to addressed to achieve this desired energy balance, it’s not as simple as just telling someone to eat less. For example; ones perception and how they view food (food relationship), culture, food quality/ quantity and the ability to restrain are just some of the many factors that must be addressed to effectively execute ‘calories in VS calories out’

When looking at nutrition you need to carefully consider what will work for you and then be prepared to be flexible as you learn more about yourself. The reason being that you can reach your goals a number of different ways, however certain methods are more effective than others. You may start with one method and quickly find out that it’s not for you. The real skill is having enough self-awareness to take that feedback and adjust. Take tracking your calories for example, a highly effective way to reach a goal, but if you decide that measuring food isn’t something you like then tracking isn’t going to work. Find the approach that works for you and make sure you can adhere to it.

In the rest of this article we are going to go over some key terms you should be aware of with your nutrition and then we are going to look at setting up some calorie and macronutrient targets based on your goals. Calorie and macro tracking is arguably the most common nutrition approach used but remember, it’s not the only one.

What Are Calories And What Are Macronutrients?

Key terms

Maintenance calorie level – Refers to the amount of calories your body needs day to day to see no change in weight.

Calorie deficit – Refers to a negative energy balance. You are taking in less calories than you use day to day.

Calorie surplus – Refers to a positive energy balance. You are taking in more calories than you use day to day.

Calorie – A calorie to put it simply is energy. Food contains calories, so food is energy we give our bodies to thrive off. We can think of food as numbers going into the body. Say we eat 100g of chicken breast, that is roughly 165 calories going into the body. At the end of the day what matters for fat loss or muscle gain is a calorie deficit and calorie surplus respectively.

Protein – One of the three macronutrients protein contains 4 calories per gram of protein. Protein is a highly satiating macronutrient, meaning it will satisfy you for longer. It is also vital for muscle growth and repair. One added bonus to eating protein is it has a high TEF, (Thermic Effect of Feeding). This means your body will use calories while it digests the protein.

Carbohydrates – Carbs also contains 4 calories per gram. Glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate, which is our bodies preferred fuel source. Carbohydrates also come in more complex forms. These forms of carbohydrates form our whole grain food sources and fruit and vegetables. Their structure makes them harder is break down which is a favourable characteristic when trying to control Food intake

Fats – Fats are a highly dense macronutrient. They provide 9 calories per gram of fat. Fats can also be used as a fuel source when carbohydrates are limited or during a state of rest. Fats play important roles in hormones, cell structure and transport in the body.

How To Set Up Targets For Tracking

Step 1

First you need to determine your maintenance calorie intake using the appropriate calculation below. Be aware that this is only an estimation. Another way is to track food intake for a week and also monitor weight. If your weight remains the same over that week then take the average calories intake for that week and that’s maintenance.

Step 2

Now that we have our maintenance calories sorted we now need to determine if we want to gain weight or drop fat. This can be done by on a percentage based system. To drop fat then lower your calorie intake by 5-10% and vice versa to increase weight.

e.g. You have maintenance intake of 2000 calories and want to drop fat

2000 calories x 0.05 = 100 calories

2000 calories – 100 calories = 1900 calories

This rate of change may look small and it may take results longer to occur but it will take a lot less will power to uphold. You can drop calories more drastically and the fat/ weight loss will be more rapid but remember that there will be other things that have to give.

This needs to be taken into consideration as you will need to set yourself a realistic calorie deficit that you can adhere to. No adherence, no results. It is also important to stick to the numbers for a few weeks to allow for change, if nothing is happening then you simply adjust.

Likewise, the higher you raise your calorie intake the more extreme the weight gain will be. Notice I didn’t say extreme muscle gain, it is quite hard to build lots of muscle at a quick rate even with a proper training program and eating properly.

If your surplus is too great, you risk putting on a lot of ‘useless weight’. You will increase in fat but you don’t want to get fat. Having a controlled surplus and monitoring your weight gain closely will allow for you to gain muscle and weight at an acceptable rate without the risk of ‘blowing out’.

The best way to attack either is to make the least amount of change that yields maximum results. Why drop out 600 calories to lose weight when you could do it with 200?

Now onto the all-important macronutrient breakdown

Protein

Acceptable range = 1.6-2.5g per kg of bodyweight

For example, an 80kg male may be in the range of 144-200grams of protein per day. Why is protein key? It’s main role in the body is muscle growth and repair which is obviously important on both fat loss and muscle gain. When in a fat loss phase it is more important to keep protein intake higher, around the 2g per kg of bodyweight. During a weight gain phase we can get away with potentially as low as 1.6g per kg of bodyweight.

Fats

Acceptable range = 0.8-1.2g per kg of bodyweight

For example, an 80kg male may have a range of 64-96grams of fat per day.

Having higher amounts of fats than this guide will make no difference to your overall goal as long as calories (number 1 priority) and protein (number 2 priority) are in check. If you prefer higher amounts of fats then by all means have a high fat diet. Fats are extremely important in many roles in the body including cell health and hormones so dropping them extremely low is not a great idea. Vice versa goes for keeping them high. Due to them being extremely calorie dense, the volume of food you can eat on a high fat diet greatly reduces and therefore you risk being hungry

Carbs

Acceptable range = What’s left

If you were to work out your protein and fat consumption based on the above, then you simply find your carbs from the calories left over.

For example, if the 80kg male was set 2500 calories per day. They have decided to have 200g of protein and 70g of fat.

200 x 4 = 800 calories from protein

70 x 9 = 630 calories from fats

So…

2500 – (800 + 630) = 1070

1070/4 = 267.5grams of carbs

200g protein

267g carbs

70g fats

However, having higher amounts of carbs will make no difference to your overall goal as long as calories (number 1 priority) and protein (number 2 priority) are in check. It comes down to your preference, if you like more carbs than fats then have more carbs and less fats.

What you should be wary of is dropping carbs too low or completely out. Carbs are our bodies preferred energy source. They also play a role in building and retaining muscle whereas fat does not.

In summary, as long as calories (number 1 priority) and protein (number 2 priority) are in check then it comes down to your preference whether you have more carbs or fats as this will make zero difference to your end result BUT I’d avoid going to either extreme.

The Breakdown

Weight loss/fat loss?

• Deficit of 5-10% of maintenance calories

• Calories and protein priority, carbs and fats based on preference

• 3-6 x P/W weight sessions plus cardio as needed

• ADHERANCE & ENJOYMENT

Weight gain/Muscle gain?

• Surplus of 200-500 calories

• Calories and protein priority, carbs and fats based on preference

• 3-6 x P/W weight sessions

• ADHERANCE & ENJOYMENT